]hn{Xsa¶m ZÀ`¸pÃv/ip²oIcWw, AXn\m ]hn{XtamXncw ZÀ`¸pÃv sIm­pÅ tamXncw F¶v kmcw. ]hn{XtamXncw a\pjyt\bpw Ahsâ IÀ½t¯bpw ip²oIcn¡p¶p. {_mÒWÀ ip²nIÀ½¯n\v ZÀ`¸pÃv sIm­p­m¡nb ]hn{XamWv [cn¡mdv.

kp{]kn²amb ]¿¶qÀ ]hn{XtamXnc¯nsâ BØm\sa¶ \nebn IqSnbmWv ]¿¶qcnsâ JymXn. ]pcmW{]kn²amb ]¿¶qÀ {io kp{_ÒWykzman t£{Xhpambn _Ôs¸«mWv CXnsâ Ncn{Xw. AXpsIm­v ]¿¶qcnsâ am{Xw A[nImckoabn ]hn{XtamXnc \nÀ½mWw HXp§n\n¡p¶p. sImÃhÀjw 1011þ ZÀ`¸pÃpsIm­pÅ tamXnc¯n\v ]Icambn kzÀ®tam shÅntbm sIm­pÅ ]hn{XtamXncw D­m¡phm³ XcWs\Ãqcv CÃw X{´n ]¿¶qÀ sNmÆm«hf¸n tIf¸³ s]cp´«mt\mSv \nÀt±in¨p.

Ncn{Xw Xmsg¸dbp¶ {]ImcamWv

Sn¸phnsâ Ip{]kn²amb ]Stbm«¡me¯v ]e sslµh t£{X§fpw \in¸n¡s¸SpIbpw aen\s¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvX Iq«¯n ]¿¶qÀ {io kp{_ÒWykzman t£{Xhpw s]«ncp¶p. ]p\:{]XnjvTmIÀ½¯n\v t\XrXzw \ÂIm\mbn XcWs\Ãqcv CÃw X{´nsb ImWm\mbn t£{X`mchmlnIÄ Ccnªme¡pSbv¡v t]mbn. \nÀ±njvS Znhkw ]¿¶qcnse¯n. Xm{´nIIÀ½§Ä¡v t\XrXzw \ÂIphm³ {]mb]qÀ¯nbmb ]pcpj•mÀ XcWs\ÃqÀ Cïv CÃm¯Xn\m AhnSs¯ sIm¨pIpamc³ A½bpsS k½Xw hm§n ]¿¶qcn h¶v Xm{´nIIÀ½w \S¯phm\pÅ Bßss[cyw {]ISn¸n¨p. IrXyZnhkw Xs¶ B {_mÒWIpamc³ Øes¯¯n ]cnNbk¼¶\mb Xm{´nIs\t¸mse X{´a{´§Ä bYmhn[n \nÀÆln¨psh¶mWv ]dbs¸Sp¶Xv. aq¶p t\chpw X{´a{´§Ä \nÀÆln¡p¶Xn\nSbn ZÀ` sIm­v ]hn{Xw sI«p¶Xn\pÅ {]mtbmKnI hnjahpw IÀ½w Ignªm tamXncw `qanbn hoWpt]mbm `qaotZhnbpsS im]w Hgnhm¡m\pamWv {_mÒWIpamc³ kzÀ®tam shÅntbm sIm­v ]hn{XtamXncw D­m¡phm³ A¡mes¯ sNmÆm«hf¸n (kn.hn.) tIf¸³ s]cp´«mt\mSv \nÀt±in¨Xv.

]hn{XtamXncw hes¯ tamXnchncen [cn¡m\mWv hn[n. \½psS hncepIÄ ]©`qX§sf {]Xn\n[m\w sN¿p¶p.

1. s]cphnc þ hmbp`qXw
2. Np­mWnhnc þ BImi`qXw
3. \Sphnc þ Aán`qXw
4. tamXnchnc þ Pe`qXw
5. sNdphnc þ ]rYzn`qXw

Hcp ]qPbn ]pjv]§Ä BImi`qXambpw, Nµ\XncnbpsSbpw [q]¯nsâbpw ]pI hmbp`qXambpw, hnf¡v Aán`qXambpw, XoÀ°Pew Pe`qXambpw, Nµ\w, If`w apXembh ]rYzn`qXambpw buKnIambn _Ôs¸«pInS¡p¶p. Hcp a\pjysâ CSXp`mKw CU\mUnsbbpw N{µaÞes¯bpw {]Xn\n[m\w sN¿p¶p. heXp`mKw ]nwKe\mUnsbbpw kqcyaÞes¯bpw {]Xn\n[m\w sN¿p¶p. a[y`mKw kpjpav\m \mUnsbbpw Aánsbbpw {]Xn\n[m\w sN¿p¶p. icoc¯nse Cu khntijXIsfms¡ kzÀ®w sIm­p­m¡nb ]hn{XtamXnc¯nepw DÄs¡m­n«p­v. Cu aq¶p hcIÄ taÂ]dªt]mse aq¶p \mUnIfmIp¶p þ bYm{Iaw CU, ]nwKf, kpjpav\. aq¶p hcIÄ tNÀ¶v a[y`mKw Hcp sI«mbn cq]m´cw {]m]n¡p¶Xv ]hn{Xs¡«mWv. Cu ]hn{Xs¡«v km[It\m AÀ¨It\m Ahsâ IpÞen\n iàn DWÀ¯phm\pw ]cnWnX ^eambn Z£nW `mK¯pIqSnbpÅ AarX[mcsb ]cnip²am¡phm\pw km[n¡psa¶v ]ga¡mÀ ]dbmdp­v. Hcp hcnbn Ggp ap¯cnIÄ hoXw ap¶p hcnIfmbn ]hn{Xs¡«n\v Ccphihpw ImWmw. Cu Ggp ap¯cnIÄ k]vXÀjnIÄ F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ acoNn, hknjvT, BwKncÊv, A{Xn, ]pekvXnb³, ]pel³, {IXp F¶nhcmWv. ]hn{Xs¡«n\v apIfn ImWp¶ aq¶p ap¯cnIÄ {XnaqÀ¯nIfmb {_Ò, hnjvWp, inh³ F¶o tZh•mcpsS k¦ev]amWv. ]hn{Xs¡«n\v sXm«pXmsgbmbn a[yhcbv¡v sXm«v ]c¶ h«ap¯cn kqcy{Kls¯bpw, B hc Ahkm\n¡p¶nS¯pÅ ]c¶ h«ap¯cn N{µ{Kls¯bpw kqNn¸n¡p¶p. aq¶p hcIÄ tNÀ¶ CS¯n\v Ipdn F¶pw AXn\p Xmsg InS¡p¶ \mep ap¯cnIÄ EtKzZ, bPpÀthZ, kmathZ, AYÀhthZ F¶o \mep thZ§sfbpw kqNn¸n¡p¶p.

]hn{XtamXncw [cn¡p¶Xv Hcp hyànbpsS `uXnIamb t{ibÊn\pw Bßobamb hnImk¯n\pw Hcpt]mse ^e{]ZamWv. bÚ§fn ]s¦Sp¡pt¼mgpw ]nXr_en AÀ¸n¡pt¼mgpw ]hn{XtamXncw [cn¡p¶Xv AXn]pcmX\Imew sXm«v \S¶phcp¶ ]XnhmWv. ]hn{XtamXncw [cn¨m tbmK]camb ]e B´cnI ip²oIcW {]{InbIfpw kw`hn¨v icochpw a\Êpw BtcmKy{]Zambn¯ocpsa¶mWv hnizmkw. \m\mXpdIfnepÅ hyànIÄ ]hn{XtamXncw AhcpsS BßobKpW¯n\pw a\:im´nbv¡pw th­n D]tbmKn¨p hcp¶p­v. kv{XoIÄ AhcpsS BÀ¯h\mfn ]hn{XtamXncw [cn¡cpXv.

]hn{XtamXncw D­m¡phm³ \à sshZKv[yw BhiyamsW¶t]mse CXnsâ Xq¡¯nepw Nne {]tXyIXIÄ D­v. Ggp Xq¡§fnembn«mWv ]hn{XtamXncw \nÀ½n¨phcp¶Xv. GXp Xq¡ambmepw aq¶p Znhks¯ AXnkq£vaamb tPmen CXn\p thWw. B[ymßnI Nn«IÄ A\pjvTn¨psIm­mWv ]hn{XtamXnc¯nsâ ]mc¼cy \nÀ½mXm¡Ä Znhyamb Cu Iebn GÀs¸Sp¶Xv. ]hn{XtamXncw ]WnXpIgnªm {io kp{_ÒWykzman t£{X¯n sh¨v ]hn{X]qP sNbvXphcp¶p.

kv{XoIÄ¡pth­n R§Ä ]hn{Xhf X¿mdm¡n sImSp¡p¶p­v. Npcp§nb Xq¡w 24 {Kman\pw 32 {Kman\pw CSbn thWw.